Bordwell and Thompson

What is editing?

"Editing is a way of going from one shot to another".

The above quote explains editing and shows how simple it actually is, one shot after another and each shot creates meaning in own for example look at these pictures. 

Look at the picture and think about what the person is thinking?

Shot 1                                          followed by             Shot 2 

Is it the man's birthday?                                 

Shot 1                                                  followed by                                    Shot 2

                                                       

This man just got a bad Grade in his exam?

The point is that people who edit videos put certain shots after each other and each shot is significant, because editing creates meaning. Further more there are various other things going on when editing is taking place in a music video or even films.  This technique is called the 'Kuleshov' effect, mainly in Hollywood film editing Bordwell and Thompson noticed that shots could be linked in different way and they were Graphic, spatial, temporal and rhythmic. 

Graphic

Shots can linked 'Graphically' and they are linked through their individual 'pictorial Quailaties'. This could consists of a particular shape, colour, theme, movement ECT.  This can be used for various reason one may be to create smooth continuity or for shots to contrast against each other.

• Graphic Match: Shots link through graphic similarities. E.G Shape
• Graphic Continuity: This is where the centre of interest in constant throughout out cuts E>G Same level of lighting
• Graphic Discontinuity: Contrast between colour  and footage types E.G Shot of moving vehicle followed by a shot of a stationary vehicle

Picture 1                                                                       Picture 2 

                                                          

Match through the water in the picture.(Graphic Match)

Picture 1                                                                                                Picture 2 

Two totally different shots. (Graphic Discontinuity)

Spatial 

Spatial editing is mainly concern films and how shots match through the elements they have in them even if they are similar or differences in the shots both can be used to create meaning and develop the video. 

• Continuity Editing: This produces 'space' because it is likely that there is a narrative in the scene so there will probably be an Establishing shot followed by a mid shot or close up. this gives the audience a sense of space.
• Kuleshov effect: Only certain shots will be shots will be shown of a single location, and even by only seeing portions of the setting the audience will be able to guess how much space there i.
• Crosscutting: Crosscutting is editing constantly between two shots to and this emphasizes both of the shots as a whole.

Temporal

This is the time within the film. Time can be edited to be quicker for the audiences purposes that how we can fit a film that is based over year in a 2 hour production. Time can be manipulated E.G A man getting a plane and flying to different countries within 5 minutes in a film. For Example:

The above could be enough for an audience to know that someone as got on a plane and is now in another country, and that could be shown within a minute of filming.

Rhythmic

Rhythmic editing is basically editing at a particular tempo, to create feeling in a scene an example of this would be if editing between shots gets increasingly faster that in turn builds tension in the scene and the audience or maybe in a music video to match the pace, song and mood of the music. Here is an Example of rhythmic editing.

Look at the first 45 seconds of this music video and it shows how rhythmic editing can be used in order to match the pace, sound and mood of music video.